The brander-krugman model

The brander-krugman modelExtended Essay 1The Brander-Krugman model, excessively known as the reciprocal dumping model, explains the possibility of international grapple in a homogenous good. In doing so, it raises an inte bearing issue is this on the face of it point little conduct socially beneficial? Mean musical composition, Corden developed a more realistic customs northward (CU) theory comp bed to Orthodox theory by relaxing the conjecture of constant marginal costs (MC). While the exemplar of these devil models ar similar, their destinations atomic number 18 very contrasting, the reasons for which are discussed further below.a) rough(prenominal) models are repose in a partial equilibrium cloth the prices of all substitutes and complements of the good in question are mis scann to be constant, as are the income levels of consumers, allowing for an easier analysis of public assistance crystallizes from the physical composition of the customs union (CU).Within this framework, at that place is a single producer in separately of the CU countries that produces a homogenous good. The verso similarity betwixt the two models is that the taxs set and approach by some(prenominal) countries (Home (H) and Partner (P)) before CU formation are fit .Thus, when the union is created a Common away Tariff (CET) already exists. Corden develops his model in further stages to include made-to-measure tariffs so that the CET has to be set upon CU formation. It is assumed that this allow be set overthrow than the original tariffs that were imposed.The countries forming a CU in Cordens model are small relative to the tarry of the world (R), implying that its formation will give birth no effect on world prices. In the Brander-Krugman model, all leash countries (R is represented as one country) are identical in surface. unison is assumed between the besotteds in the Brander-Krugman model then the firms in to each one of the countries face the same constant marginal cost and house servant contain functions, contrary to Corden.Corden relaxes the trust of constant marginal costs (MC) that is held in orthodox customs union theory, and assumes instead that the firms clear from internal economies of scale and indeed face declining marginal and bonny cost (AC) curves. Figure 1 shows that the tokenish point of the firms AC curves is above the price paid for here and nows (pm). Hence a tariff is necessary to protect domestic deed, which is set at T- pm and prevents R from importing to H and P. The domestic price being equal to the firms AC, they operate at a normal profit. The price received for exports (px) is assumed to be lower than pm as H and P overly face tariffs. Therefore, their AC is greater than px and so they can non export their goods any. Thus, inappropriate in the Brander-Krugman model, there is no international swap former to CU formation.The main characteristic of the Brander-Krugman model is that th e firms discover Cour non behavior the firms make decisions active their own rig levels to maximise their profits assuming that the byput levels of the otherwise producers will not qualify1. This is not necessarily the case in Cordens model.b)The worldly concern of internal economies of scale in Corden means that efficiency and welfare realizes could be amplificationd if a single firm increases its output and captures some(prenominal) markets pursuit CU formation. This, along with the arrogance that the firms face divers(prenominal) cost functions, leads to the conclusion that the firm with the higher AC will exit the market and import the good from the firm that can produce it at a lower cost (this essay will assume that the follower firm exits the market). The assumption that the mate firm operated at a normal profit pre-CU indicates that there will be no loss of producer surplus and no welfare loss in P as it exits the market.Conversely, the symmetry between the firms in Cournot means that neither firm in the CU has a cost advantage over the other. Thus, both the home and partner countries bring in from CU formation by increasing trade with each other, resulting in an increase in output for both firms (Appendix, equation (1)). Although H and P pick out increase their overall output, the quantity they supply in each of their domestic markets decreases (equation 2).Although there is an overall gain in welfare in both models as a result of CU formation, the source of these gains differ. both the home and partner countries experience a welfare gain from CU formation in Cournot given the symmetry, whereas only the home country benefits in Corden as the partner firm exits the market.In Cournot, the price menstruates in the markets (equation 3) and thus the welfare gain is largely reflected by an increase in consumer surplus (equation 4) in both the home and partner markets. The countries also nod off welfare through a fall in tariff tax inco me (equation 5) and the firms profits may rise or fall depending on the shot of the aggregate demand in the CU (equation 6). However, Hs overall welfare gain is shown to be always positive (equation 7).In Corden, the assumption that the home and partner countries are small compared to the rest of the world implies that the CU firms are not large enough to compete with the outside firm and therefore the CU formation will not affect world prices. This, along with the assumption that the remain firm at bottom the CU maximises his profit by charging mightily up to the import-preventing price, which is the world price plus the CET, means that the price will remain unchanged. Thus, the increase welfare is cod to an increase in the remaining firms producer surplus (figure 1, a+) as the fall in average cost (to J, figure 1) is not passed onto consumers. However, if made-to-measure tariffs are assumed and the CET is lower than both the initial tariffs, a price reduction will be bring f orth in both countries and some of the welfare gain will be passed onto consumers.The symmetry in Cournot and contrastiveiation in Corden also lead to diametrical conclusions with assess to the feign on the rest of the world.In Corden, the CU formation does not affect Rs welfare under the assumption that there was no international trade pre-CU and there is still none post-CU. In Cournot, the fall in Rs output (equation 8) and the price drop in H and P impact negatively on the R firms profits (equation 9). As use of goods and services and imports in R remain unchanged, Rs welfare is reduced.The main assumptions that lead to the different conclusions are those of symmetrical costs in Cournot and differentiation in Corden. This affects how the welfare gains are divided amongst the countries as well as how they are fall apart between the producers and consumers.c)In discussing the appropriateness of the models to the EU situation, the relevancy of the assumptions and the predicted results, and how the causes of these results compare with frankness need to be considered.There are many studies that analyse how EU integration has affected trade flows in terms of trade beingness and trade diversion. handle creation is defined as intra-EU imports replacing domestic production trade diversion as EU imports replacing imports from the rest of the world.By 1992, bilateral trade between any two EC countries was 65% higher than if the EC had not existed, supporting both models predictions that trade between the home and partner countries increases.2 Over the utmost from 1959/60 to 1977, which includes both stages of integration for the EC and EFTA countries, annual trade creation was estimated at $20-31 one million million and trade diversion at $5-8 billion.3 This affirms the Cournot prediction that the partner firm would increase its imports to the home country at the expense of both domestic production and imports from the rest of the world.A study by the Singl e Market reexamine on the impact of the Single Market Programme (SMP) on trade creation and trade diversion gives a detailed insight into the relevance of the Corden and Cournot models to the EU situation.4 Its data and analysis focuses on industries within the manufacturing sector, particularly the 15 industries that were likely to be particularly sensitive to the SMP.5Although there are some industries close to perfect opposition with a submerging ratio of 0.00 or 0.01 such as clothing and boiler making most industries within the EU are relatively oligopolistic according to their average concentration ratios.The assumption of perfect information is unlikely to hold truthful. In many stinting theories where this is assumed, it is highly unrealistic, especially with regards to the reactions of a firms competitors to the union formation.While Cournot assumes that firms face a constant MC, a 50% reduction in output from the marginal efficient scale of output led to an increase in AC, and therefore MC, in all the industries analysed, thus indicating the presence of economies of scale.The assumption that all firms display Cournot behaviour does not always hold in the context of the EU. by dint of a comparison of the changes in the price-cost margins and in the home firms market contend in the domestic industry, it is evident that industries reacted in two very different ways. One group, including office machines and pharmaceutical products, experienced large cuts in their price-cost margins and a relatively small change in their market share, time the opposite is the case for the other group. It appears that the first group decided to reduce its prices instead of losing market share, implying that some firms do not compete on output but on price. However, the effect of changes in competitive behaviour by firms on market shares was extremely small for most industries and countries, though it was ordinarily more important in the smaller EU countries.6 Th us, changes in firms behaviour are relatively insignificant in affecting market shares, compared to other factors.The assumption of symmetrical firms is, again, an unrealistic one. Given that the country sizes within the EU are very different, it is highly likely that firms across the EU faced different market sizes and domestic demand functions before integration, and as a result, they are unlikely to be the same size or have the same cost functions.In terms of the impact of the CU formation on the industries, most of the results predicted in Cournot hold true from 1900-94, the period examined in this SMR report.The price-cost margins in the 15 sensitive industries reduce by an average of 3.9%, while they fell by 3.6% in the manufacturing sector as a whole. The cessation of this drop in each industry depends on the behaviour of the firms.The impact of the SMP on the respective market shares in the manufacturing sector as a whole is negative for the home industries, and positive f or both the EU and the rest of the worlds market shares in the home country. Cournots model correctly predicted that the home firm would sell more while the partner firm would sell less in the home market. However, it predicts that the rest of the worlds share of the home market would fall. The SMR carried out two ex-post simulations one with no direct external trade effectuate and one with. All of Cournots predictions regarding changes in the market shares hold true for the cause simulation. However, the latter simulation is more accurate in reflecting the actual changes in market shares that were experienced over this integration period. This implies that the Cournot model does not take into account the increasing liberalisation of external trade over this period that also led to a reduction in extra-EU trade costs, either as a result of the CU formation or due to increasing globalisation.In terms of welfare, the changes support Cournots prediction that welfare increased in both H and P. The change in welfare metric as a percentage of GDP was greater than the percentage change in GDP in each of the EU countries analysed.The main close of creating the single market in the EU was to increase its competitiveness with respect to large economies such as the ground forces through economies of scale. This implies that Cordens model should nominate a more accurate picture of the EU. However, certain assumptions do not reflect the EUs characteristics.The assumption that the CU-forming countries are small may hold true for some of the EU countries however, the implication of this that the customs union will be unable to affect world prices may not hold. Given the size of the EU, it is large enough to compete with the large economies such as the USA and Japan.Cordens predictions regarding changes in price and market shares are not appropriate to the EU situation, due to the strong assumptions that there was no international trade prior to the formation and thus no trade with the rest of the world after. Also, with the partner firm exiting the market, it is assumed that there is no increase in competition following CU formation, thus no change in the prices.However, there is evidence supporting the main conclusion of this model that the welfare gain is a result of restructuring, which leads to increasingly concentrated industries as firms can benefit from economies of scale as the size of the market that they have access to increases. among 1987 and 1993, the four-firm concentration ratio increased by 2.3% across 71 industries in the EU.7 This was partly due to increased restructuring between 1987 and 1990, the percentage of MAs involving countries from two different member states jumped from 9.6% to 21.5% in anticipation of the Single Market. This replaced MAs within country borders which fell from 71.6% to 60.7% over the same period.8While it is true that EU industry concentration has increased, this is cannot be attributed solely to an el aboration in the market size. Many industries already operated internationally in the 1980s and hence, a market size expansion would not have had as big an impact on the concentration level. The single market also led to a reduction in non-tariff barriers (especially barriers to entry) between EU member states, through public procurement liberalisation, increased ease of cross-border knowledge transfer and the free movement of capital. Cordens comparative passive model fails to take into account the dynamic effects of EU integration.The nominate of the SMP was much more ambitious than a mere elimination of the tariff barriers and thus both theories, which focus on the effects of a CU, are too simplistic to be wholly appropriate. Certain aspects of both models are comparable to the EU situation. However, Cordens model seems to be more suitable while Cournots results regarding changes in the prices and respective market share were more accurate, Cordens underlying characteristics ar e much more appropriate to the current EU situation.1Friedman, crowd together (1983), Oligopoly Theory, Cambridge University PressFrankel (1997) (Ali El-Agraa P175)Kreinin (1979b) (Ali El-Agraa P175European Commission/CEPR (1997) Trade Creation and Trade Diversion, Subseries IV/ volume 3 of The Single Market ReviewBuigues, Ilzkovitz and Lebrun (1990)EC/CEPR, 1997, Trade creation and trade diversionSubseries V, Volume 4, Economies of ScaleAMDATA in European Economy (1999)

Microbial Contamination on Toothbrush Storage

Microbial Contamination on Toothbrush rememberingThe study of microbial contamination on storing a soup-strainer in a bathroom with a faecesAbstractAims To examine the microbial contamination of storing a soup-strainer in the bathroom with a washbowl among the resolution Forming Unit (CFU) of microbial groups.Methods and Results The results be analyzed by the ascertain of CFU of agar platesConclusion The toothbrush storing in a bathroom with a tummy or without toilet is being contaminated and it is a swingeing place for rememberingIntroductionEscherichia coli (E.coli) is recognized as a coliform bacterium which is gram negative, anaerobically developed and shaped like a rod. It is generally institute in the intestine of warm-rakehelled animals such as humans. In addition, E.coli is fit to discharge into the environment with fecal substance under airborne circumstance especially by the flushing of toilet and the bacteria dealister develop numerously in fresh fecal s ubstances aerobically for short periods of time. The bacterial aerosols by the flushing can prevail as far as six to eight feet away from the toilet. A humid, warm heighten permit more bacteria to grow and the bristles of the toothbrush would increase the surface ara for microbial adhesion, hence, the fecal-oral transmission can be apply as a major route via which unhealthful communication channel of bacteria to bring into oral diseases. Apparently, the occurrence of fecal coliforms in weewee is non straightforwardly harmful and does not essentially express the forepart of feces (Doyle, M. P., and M. C. Erickson. 2006).Five types of plates were employ with the microbial groups in this experiment.Chocolate demarcation agar, CBA, is an unselective and a medium with enriched development used for fastidious bacterial isolation.123 It is a alternative of the blood agar plate which contains red blood cells lysed by moderate heating to 80 C.Reasoners 2A agar, R2A, is used for th e isolation of heterotrophic bacteria from treated drinkable irrigate (Sandle, T, 2004). These bacteria is likely to grow slowly and would rapidly be restrained by speedy-growing species on a rich medium.Diagnostics Pseudomonas Isolation Agar, PYO, is used for the isolation and speciality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa selectively by raising the pyocyanin production. Pyocyanin production is indicated as a bluish-green, piss-soluble pigment that gives a greenish color into the media (Bodey, G.D., et al., 1989). Malt plagiarize Agar, ME, is used for the cultivation and isolation of yeasts and molds by suitable nutrient add on (7). The pH is modified to nearly 5.5 for upgrading the fungi growth and to lightly halter bacterial growth which usually compulsive as environmental contaminants.(6) Lauryl sulphate Broth, LTA, is used for the isolation of coliforms in piss and foods. The coliform groups involves aerobic and facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative and the bacilli without spores which is able to progress the fermentation of lactose and generate acid and natural gas at 35C. Additionally the LTA44C makes faecal coliforms to be enumerated and the sodium Lauryl Sulfate demonstrates excellent inhibition of organisms except the coliforms.The technique of spreading plates is used for the isolation and enumeration of microorganisms in a mixed culture by up to now allocation. This method can measure the bacteria easier by use a sterilized spreader and applying a small quantity of bacteria rupture on the surface of plate. The plate is required to be ironical before incubation so the bacteria can be absent into the agar rapidly. The plate counting approximate the amount of cells depend on the capability to produce colonies under particular states of nutrient medium, temperature and time. The counting of CFU believes that each colonies is aggregate and observed by a single viable cell.1 More over, CFU/mL of the original suspension is figured out mathematically and then factored in the quantity plated and the dilution factor. This study aims to examine the microbiological contamination of toothbrush to prove whether a bathroom with a toilet is a good place to cut in a toothbrush or not.Material and methodsSample collections and suspensions preparation of hears assort 1, Stored normally at the throw off in a bathroom which contained a toilet situated 0.5 2 m away from the sink. assort 2, not stored near a toilet. Brush either stored in bedroom or in bathroom devoid of toilet.The stresss of plaque, toothbrush, sink and woo piddle were amass by respective sterile method. The plaque sample was vomit into a 2.5ml Ringers solution and sonicated for 10 minutes. Then the slant of plaque sample is contumacious by weighing the bijou bottle and the toothpick is removed by aseptic techniques. The toothbrush sample is cat into the 10ml Ringers solution into a Universal bottle and the toothbrush head is cut and removed aseptically. The s wab originated from 2 x 2 cm square of the sink sample is put into 2.5 Ringers solution of the bijou bottle and is vortexed for approximately 3 minutes. Then the swab is taken out by sterile techniques and the suspension is ensured to squeeze out of the swab. The sample of ten-strike water is put into the 15ml of sterile tube.10-fold dilutions and plates spreadingEach of the samples were processed with orders of plaque, toothbrush, sink and tap water. Different dilutions of samples are nimble by the 10-fold dilutions expect the tap water samples. 0.5ml of undiluted original suspension (100) is removed and inoculated into 4.5 ml of an separate Ringers solution aseptically and mixed well to be a 10-1 dilution. All the samples are prepared down to 10-5dilution.Four plates of CBA, R2A, ME and two plates of PYO, LTA37 and LTA44 of each samples were collected and labelled. For the plaque sample, 2 PYO, 2 LTA37 and 2 LTA44 plates with 100, 2ME plates with 10-1, 2ME plates with 10-2, 2 CB A and 2 R2A plates with 10-4, 2 CBA and 2 R2A plates with 10-5 were inoculated. For the toothbrush sample, 2 PYO, 2 ME, 2 LTA37 and 2 LTA44 with 100, 2 ME plates with 10-1, 2 R2A with 10-2, 2 CBA and 2 R2A plates with 10-3, 2 CBA plates with 10-4 were inoculated. For the sink sample, 2 PYO, 2 LTA37 and 2 LTA44 plates with 100, 2 ME plates with 10-1, 2 ME and 2 R2A plates with 10-2, 2 CBA and 2 R2A plates with 10-3, 2 CBA plates with 10-4 were inoculated. For the tap water sample, all 18 plates were inoculated with 100 undilutedsuspension. 0.2ml of relative dilutions were spread across the surface of the agar plates with aseptic methods. All the plates were allowed to dry before inoculation. 2 LTA44 plates were put in the incubator with 44, 2 PYO plates, 2 LTA37 and 4 CBA plates were put in the incubator with 37, 4 R2A and 4 ME plates were put in the incubator with 25 (United States Pharmacopeia, 2015).Data collectionThe inoculated plates were collected and colonies were counted to d etermine the Colony Forming Units (CFU) by multiplying the average number of colonies by 5 to convert from 0.2ml to 1ml and is compute by the dilution factor. The best number of colonies (30-60 colonies) were counted for the plates which have two dilutions plated onto them. The CFU was calculated as the CFU ml-1 100 suspension and needed subsequent conversions except for the tap water sample. For the plaque, CFU ml-1 100 suspension was multiplied by 2.5 and divided by the weight of plaque to determine the CFU g-1 in 2.5ml bijou bottle. For the toothbrush, CFU ml-1 100 suspension was multiplied by 10 to determine the CFU head-1 in the 10ml Universal bottle. For the sink surface, CFU ml-1 100 suspension was multiplied by 2.5 and divided by 4 to determine the CFU cm-2 in the 2.5ml bijou bottle from a 4cm2 square.ResultsMean CFUs per unit of measurement with SD a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a make out of data values.1 A low standard devi ation indicates that the data points break away to be close to the mean (also called the expected value) of the set, while a gritty standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over a wider range of values.Average with SD (Plaque CFUs per gram)radical 1 (with toilet)Group 2 (without toilet)CBA4.16+ 12 x 1084.71 + 16 x 108R2A1.2 + 3.41 x 1081.96 + 3.55 x 108PYO8.34+ 23.5 x 1027.41 + 38.5 x 107LTA374.7 + 23.4 x 1028.49 + 4.33 x 103LTA4402.55 + 13.2 x 102ME(yeasts)3.35 + 8.78 x 1049.51 + 49.2 x one hundred fiveME (fil fungi)1.72 + 6.2 x 1042.95 + 5.71 x 103Average with SD (toothbrush CFUs per head)Group 1 (with toilet)Group 2 (without toilet)CBA1.92 +3.52 x 1061.51 +5.76 x 107R2A2.35 +5.71 x 1061.12 +4.60 x 107PYO1.27 +4.07 x1042.78 +14.4 x 108LTA371.84 +5.94 x1042.54 +12.9 x 106LTA441.18 +5.88 x 1044.85 +24 x 104ME(yeasts)2.10 +9.78 x 1043 +13.6 x 105ME (fil fungi)2.59 +11.8 x 1041.34 +2.26 x 102Average with SD (sink per square cm)Group 1 (with toilet)Group 2 (w ithout toilet)CBA8.91 +22.7 x 1046.33 +24.7 x105R2A2.56 +11.5 x 1057.82 +36.7 x105PYO1.22 +2.98 x 1024.65 +16 x103LTA374.55 +12.4 x1025.73 +16.9 x103LTA444.24 +14.5 x101.54 +6.19 x102ME(yeasts)4.84 +1.57 x 1023.13 +7.55 x103ME (fil fungi)1.40 +1.76 x 1024.71 +18.5 x102Average with SD (tap water CFU per mL)Group 1 (with toilet)Group 2 (without toilet)CBA1.53 +2.14 x 101.5 +7.69 x104R2A9.04 +21.6 103.49 +14.4 x104PYO8.46 +30.7 10-11.85 +9.62 x10-1LTA3703.7 +19.2 x10-2LTA441.15 +5.88 10-10ME(yeasts)7.12 +19.59.7 +22.1ME (fil fungi)5.85 +19.54.44 +7.85p-value. Two-tailed independent samples t-test (Group 1 vs Group 2) 95% = Pplaquetoothbrushsink water tap waterCBA0.8910.2510.2690.325R2A0.4370.3360.4880.234PYO0.3410.3310.1550.291LTA370.3340.3240.1180.331LTA440.3410.4530.3750.313ME(yeasts)0.3560.3000.0860.654ME (fil fungi)0.2410.2830.3700.731From the table, the CFU in the plaque sample collected from storing the toothbrush with and without toilet are observed. For the CBA and R2A, the CF U in group 1(with toilet) is counted as 4.16+ 12 x 108 CFU g-1 and 1.2 + 3.41 x 108 respectively, and the CFU in group2 (without toilet) is marginally greater than group1 which resulted as 4.71 + 16 x 108 and 1.96 + 3.55 x 108 respectively. For the PYO, LTA37, LTA44 and ME (yeasts), The CFU of group 2 are slightly more than the group 1 except the fewer CFU (2.95 + 5.71 x 103) without toilet than in which with toilet (1.72 + 6.2 x 104) observed in ME (fil fungi). It is found that the fewest CFU is on LTA44 or even observed as 0 CFU per unit since 44is over the optimal temperature and the bacteria can be inactive. Besides, for the other microbial groups, toothbrush, sink and the tap water samples, they showed the similar results as the plaque sample that the average CFUs per unit of the without toilet sets were slightly more than the sets with toilet on the CBA, R2A, PYP, LTA37, LTA44 and ME (yeasts) and the CFUs per unit of the without toilet sets were slightly less than the toilets sets. However, the samples in the tap water evaluated some differences from the other groups was that the small quantity of average CFUs per ml within each samples were indicated since the figurehead of fecal coliforms in water might not be at present harmful and did not necessarily indicate the presence of feces.Overall, the CFU of the plaque sample collected without toilet is slightly greater than which with toilet but plausibly there is no obvious difference surrounded by two groups by the examination of p value.P value is used to compare the deduction of the tests. Significant difference between two groups can be determined if the p value is smaller than 0.05 and the null hypothesis is not be supported. From the table of two-tailed independent sample t-test, it indicated that all p values among the unalike agar plates of the 4 microbial groups are greater than 0.05 which showed that the difference between 2 groups for any(prenominal) sample type (with toilets and without toilets) or medium types are not significant. Although the tables showed cosmic unevenness within a given sample, this is coarse for environmental samples and hence the null hypothesis is supported.DiscussionThe toothbrush, the plaque and the sink samples collected with or without the toilet sets, except the tap-water, were observed to contain heavy(a) quantity of coliforms and it proved the presence of pathogenic bacteria, E.coli. The toothbrushes contamination acts as a crucial role in the expansion of various diseases such as respiratory infection and oral diseases (M. B. Dayoub, D. Rusilko, and A. Gross, 1977). Toothbrushes are often stored in the toilets and divulge to contamination as it is a microbial atmosphere with the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria which is spread by aerosols and the flushing of toilets (Taji SS, Rogers AH, 1998). Moreover, the presence of the E.coli is correlated with the uncleaned bristles or the storage of brushes with high humidity (the sink) and warm environment which are near to the bristles and this can effectively enhance the spread and growth of bacteria than those stored in air out conditions by 70%. (R. T. Glass, 1992).However, the experimental results showed the colony forming units in the bathroom without toilets sets were greater than the sets with toilets which is apparently difference from the hypothesis. P-values of Two-tailed independent samples t-test can evaluate the situation. Although the large variability within a given sample was observed, this is common for environmental samples. Because of the large variability, there is no significant difference between the two groups for any sample type or medium type. The p values is greater than 0.05 which showed 95% level of confidence that the two parameters are not the selfsame(prenominal) and there is no enough difference within the samples to conclude a difference so the null hypothesis is accepted. It is conclude that toothbrush would take up contaminat ed regardless of storing near or far from the toilet.There are some limitations existed in this experiment. Firstly, there is manageable amount of data for the compendium which can affect the precision of the results. In this experiment, only 26 samples and 27 samples for each groups were examined which were not excessive enough to evaluate the hypothesis. More sample sizes are suggested and hence sufficient statistical power to the final results can be determined. Another error would be the dilution error since the pipetting for 10- fold dilutions could dealer to a considerable departure from the expected identity and inaccurate results. It is suggested that the on the nose pipetting from 10-1 down to 10-5 and proper vortex with vibration of suspension within each dilutions is required. Additionally, more time allowed for the first lab practical and appropriate aseptic techniques could be suggested to ensure the accuracy of results.ReferencesM. B. Dayoub, D. Rusilko, and A. Gros s, Microbial contamination of toothbrushes, Journal of dental Research, vol. 56, no. 6, article 706, 1977. public opinion at Google ScholarR. T. Glass, Toothbrush types and storage of microorganisms how to choose a biologically sound toothbrush, Journal-Oklahoma toolal Association, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 26-28, 1992. View at Google ScholarTaji SS, Rogers AH. The microbial contamination of toothbrushes. A pilot study. Aust Dent J. 1998 Apr43(2)128-30USP 61 Microbial Enumeration Tests (PDF). United States Pharmacopeia. Retrieved 24 March 2015.Sandle, T. (July 2004). An go on for the reporting of microbiological results from water systems. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 58 (4) 231-7.Doyle, M. P., and M. C. Erickson. 2006. Closing the doorsill on the fecal coliform assay. Microbe 1162-163.Sammons RL, Kaur D, Neal P. Bacterial survival and biofilm constitution on conventional and antibacterial toothbrushes. Biofilms. 20041 123-30.Bodey, G.D., et al. 1989. Infections caused by P. aeruginosa . Rev. Infect. Dis. 5279-313.

The Man Who Was Almost A Man English Literature Essay

The Man Who Was Almost A Man incline Literature EssayThe Man Who was Almost a Man by Richard Wright, is a coming of age business relationship that as well showcases the chief(prenominal) character, Dave Saunders, spit out with p everyplacety and racism as well as his struggle to profits power. This in short story mainly critiques the tender structure of the powerful over the weak. It similarly as a theme of opprobrious vs. white. In the furrow of my essay I pass on give some background culture on realness, as well as how racism and a take care for power affects Dave in the story and the journey this force takes him on. I will also demonstrate what the blast and the mule symbolize in the story.Naturalism writers such as Richard Wright write about characters that face environmental, social, or frugal forces that they stern non control or deluge. In naturalist novels, hu humankinds are damned by their own shortcomings. (Baym) Naturalism portrays humans as animals in the world. In Freudian terms, naturalist literature is written to show how the id has the upper gain over the superego and the ego. Naturalism comes to the conclusion that peoples choices are already determined by natural or scientific forces that deal people be stir in a certain bearing.In The Man Who Was Almost a Man, Wright makes the main character Dave Saunders a servant to racial hardship. He demonstrates how whites al shipway adjudge an upper book over blacks. Dave is bonny give care his parents he is under attack(predicate) to white men in power and money such as his boss Mr. Hawkins and the shop owner Joe. He will never stimulate the power or the money to reach his full potential. Dave lives in a world where he has no power, whether it be personal or stinting. In his eyes, he lives a life full of humiliation and abuse. He kit and boodle a lowly job for money that is given directly to his mom, who with his dad, he is forced to obey. He is also subjected to constant belittling from the hands of his fellow field hands. He has a growing sense of shame that comes from the economical and social forces that livelihood him from going after his dreams and reaching his full potential.In turn, Dave perk ups that having a gun is his only option to gain respect and to reach himself in the community. In the short story the gun symbolizes all sorts of things. It stands for things he doesnt have such as power, respect, and independence. All of these things he is desperately seeking. This makes him see the gun as his only solution to overcome all of his struggles and to counteract for all of his shortcomings. He feels like the gun would make him a man even though he has no idea how to fire one. Dave also thinks that the gun would give him independence that he doesnt have. He somehow believes that the gun would get him out of the fields and give him bigger and better opportunities.The story follows along with history. Daves struggle with racism reflects the struggle of African Americans to get much rights and freedoms ever since the end of the civil war. Yes they were free alone they were still deficient opportunities. Even though African Americans had tried to get equality and economic leverage in the 19th century, it did not become a nominal head until the 20th century. Many African Americans where stuck plowing lands for white owners with little earnings just like Dave in the story. Segregation also had a hand in making sure that blacks were kept in their rightful place. Eventually, except slowly, social patterns started to change because blacks began to move north for better opportunities. In the story, Dave suddenly leaves in the end which could pay homage to this movement or supposed Great Migration. This could also be shown to portray a refusal to accept the ways that his family and ancestors had been pushed into poverty and had hope and promise taken away from them.In the short story Dave says, Could kill a man wit h a gun like this. Kill anybody, black or white. And if he were holding his gun in his hand, nobody could run over him they would have to respect him. (Wright) The gun serves as an equalizer. It blurs the color line making Dave think the gun will make others respect him. He thinks that if he has a gun, he will have power and respect over everyone whether they are black or white. It also is supposed to give him independence but it in turn does the opposer by making him even more committed and obligated to Mr. Hawkins since it will take him two years to pay off his debt after hit Jenny the mule. In actuality, Dave associates having a gun with power which brings change but makes him take on a journey to adulthood that he was not quite ready for.The mule can symbolize Dave himself. The mule is a servant to the land and Mr. Hawkins. Dave feels like he is stuck just like Jenny. He is bonded to a plow with no rewards or hope of escape or becoming anything better than what he is. Dave fee ls that he is destined to be just like Jenny even stating, They treat me like a mule, n then they beat me. (Wright) Even though the death of Jenny is accidental, it can showcase Daves unconscious desire to get Mr. Hawkins. By getting justify of one of Mr. Hawkins symbols of power and money, Dave is lashing out at a social order and economic system that he will always be left out of because he is black.A common theme in the story is lying. Daves lies showcase that he is disconnected from the world and shows that he isnt prompt for adulthood. He is constantly trying to twist the truth to his favor. He does this to send-off buy the gun and then to avoid the punishment of killing Jenny. He lies to his mom to get the money to buy the gun by weighty her that he plans to give the gun to his father after he buys it. He then lies about where the gun is saying he threw it in the brook so as not to give up the gun.This comes back to what Richard Wright is critiquing in his short story. He i s showing that in the social order in the time that his story takes place, whites are superior to blacks. Dave is a buckle down to history. He feels he is destined to be just like the rest of his family. He feels like he will always be a slave to the whites. He craves respect and sees getting a gun as his way out when in turn it just makes him seem like a child, which is the opposite of what he was trying to do. By playing near with the gun instead of giving it to his mom like he was supposed to do, he shows that he is immature and not ready for manhood. It also leads to him killing an free animal. The story also shows that Mr. Hawkins was actually a kind man. Instead of outpouring Dave or demanding instant repayment, he offers him a repayment solution and lets him keep his job. However, Dave still resents him because of the power and privilege that he possesses.In conclusion, Dave is trying to overcome the social structure that is forced on him by buying a gun to make others se e him as a man and not just some little boy and to give him power. His plan at last backfires causing him humiliation and showing his immaturity. Also it ruins any chance of the adults around him showing him respect. The force that Richard Wright critiques in this story is the social structure of black vs. white and power vs. weakness. This impacts the main character Dave, who is an African American, to buy a gun to make him feel powerful over his peers including his white boss. Dave finally tries to combat his failed plan by running away to better opportunities.

Implementation Of Porters Value Chain And Lean Systems

Implementation Of Porters Value cooking stove And Lean SystemsPorters Value image is a concept that categories the generic mensurate- make foring activities of an agreement in to two di stacks. One is primary activities that consist of inbound logistics, trading operations, outward-bound logistics, merchandiseing gross sales and services and secondary activities such(prenominal)(prenominal) as procurement, infrastructure, expert give outment and human imagery. These activities be performed to confer range to the product and to happen a emulous advantage in the industry. Porter (1985 p.11) says that take to be twine is the internal gene linkage between primary and supporting activities and external linkage with nodes and suppliers.Garment manufacturing is a service of converting the raw hooeys such as material trims into a finish uped readymade habilitates. In this lush growing competition and temporary economic situation, it is essential for a manufacture to continuously improve the feeling, well epochd(p) deli very(prenominal) and competitive equipment casualty to sustain it market place. Mannan and Ferdousi (2007, p.2) believes that nowadays the aboriginal to competing in the international market place is to simultaneously improve both prize and productivity on continual basis. In todays competitive and at the same time changing business world, lead demand has brought a lot of changes in the management practices to improve organisational effectiveness and customer comfort and underwrites sustainability (Karim, 2008). Nowadays customers absorb more opportunities to choose so they expect more competitive price with better quality and slight lead-time.A study by Sohal (1996, p.91) indicates that to the eminentest degree western manufactures have been aw atomic number 18 of the film to improve their performance and scrap for nearly two decades and they were apply head for the hills labor re principal(prenominal)s t o pee advantage. The main(prenominal) reason for adopting run placement is to reduce w are resource need and embody, change magnitude customer responsiveness and to improve quality these every told lead to prepare a competitive advantage and long-term sustainability.Papadopoulou and Ozbayrak (2005) states that weight philosophy spread to Japanese factories after it was successfully go fored in the Toyoto motor sociable club, then most of the developed and developing countries are reaping several(prenominal) benifits from the lean practice, but in Bangladesh the word sense of lean transcription is very slow. Nowadays many countries in the world have identified the fondness of lean system and started put throughing lean gibes in their garment manufacturing touch and discover incredible place (Mazany, 1995 and Bruce et. al, 2004). As Mamun and Afrin (2001) argues that the fewer firms that have adopted lean practice have experienced an overall improvement in the somatic performance.In this report we are going to implement lean system in a Bangladesh based garment merchandise house to start out competitive advantage in this highly influential global market and in a view to arrive long-term sustainability in fretfulness with corporate social responsibility.Exim Exports and its Value ChainExim Exports is an ISO 90012000 companionship that manufactures and exports buckleted garments to foreign buyers. It is based on Dhaka, Bangladesh. The main process of Exim Exports is to purchase story and knit it into model through it suppliers and dye or print the fabrics and cut, sew and finish into readymade garments. It produces casual T-shirts for reputed brands such as Calvin Klein, SF, Nike, TopShop and River Island etc. These buyers are very apprehension about quality and well-timed(a) delivery. Using Porters Value kitchen range vex an activity synopsis is been conducted below.Activity analysisActivity analysis identifies the gradu ation by step process that a companion perform to take its customers. It also involves how the conjunction recruit people with the skills to give the best service, how the company motivates the employees and it s group to perform at optimum level, how the company keeps up to realize with the latest technology, how the company choose and develop technologies that give cutting edge, how the company gets feed prickle from its customers and how it is going to improve further. Porter (1985. p12) has split the organisational activities into primary and support activities. form .1. Exim Exports Value chainPrimary Activities in Exim Exports value chain incoming logisticsTransportation for raw materials from supplier to factory i.e. Yarn purchasing. Store part handle these operations by purchasing the yarn from suppliers and transporting to knitters. Then the knit fabric should be moved to knitting to dyeing or printing. These operations could be followed by several supervisors.operatio nsKnitting, Dyeing or Printing, Cutting, Stitching, application and Packing are the major(ip) operations. Knitting and Dyeing allow for be done outside the factory however the works division, procurement and merchandise departments leave alone be involved in this process.Outbound logisticsTransportation for goods to deliver to customers agents, export documentation and accounts departments testament be involved in this.Marketing and salesMerchandising team up up performs the marketing activities. Merchandising team is the intercourse broadcast between buyer and the factory in to get orders, sample approvals, fabric approvals and production approvals. Costing and order confirmations pull up stakes be done my merchandising department.ServiceThe goods are dually checked by the Exim Exports QA team and customer QAs to ensure the goods are as per customers requirement. However, in case of any customer submission after selling the goods Exim Exports always work with the buyer to rectify the hassles and will make sure to improve the discrepancies in future.Supporting activities in Exim Exports value chainInfrastructureFunctional teams, organisational culture and resource are the main infrastructure that supports the core activities. Financial resource and other in-tangible assets of the company that add value to the product are into infrastructure. humanity resource management tender-hearted resource handles all the general activities such as recruiting, hiring, prep, compensating and dismissal of employees. Human resource department takes responsibility to go for the whole production curriculumt, machineries and sufficient offer for required resource to the company. It also motivates the employees through incentives and other motivational aspects.Technological developmentThe Company enjoys latest machineries and equipments that change its production process. It invests more in the technological development according to latest advancement to obtain competitive edge. procurancePurchasing or raw materials such as Yarn and Trims is been handled by an experienced team that could bargain with suppliers and profit the company. The team has good technical skills to save money through technical aspects. It ensures the quality of material is as per requirement.Fig . 2. Value chain analysis1. procedure of lean production in Exim ExportsExim Exports need changes in three major areas to improve its quality of product, timely delivery and to reduce wastages. First of all, at the area of Procurement Exim Exports enjoys an experienced team which is technically strong and has a good bargaining power with their suppliers and it trick assure the quality of material that it purchase will be up to mark. However in this competitive economy it is necessary for the company to improve its communication with the production team to enable Pull Production to reduce wastage of time, money and resource. short(p) communication between Fabric store and Production department leads to purchasing of fabric before requirement that to be stored as inventories or storage area in fabric purchasing according to productions requirement that leads to hold time delay in production cutting and stitching.According to the in a higher place necessitate changes to add value to the activities. It is necessary to implement lean system into this organisation to gain competitive advantage and sustainability. Mercado (2007) said that Under this highly competitive environment, garment industry has numerous opportunities for improvement through lean teachings. To obtain a competitive advantage in this economy it is necessary to improve the quality, timely delivery and cost effective production. This could be achieved by using lean production tools.Empirical record shows that after implementing lean production in their organisation the companies identified variety of changes that took place within their organisation such as cultural change, educati on of workers and suppliers, empowerment of employees, relationship with suppliers, rearranging the manufacturing process and shipment to top level conductors said Ferdousi and Ahmed (2009. p 110).2.1 Value analysis and changes needed in Exim Exports value chain in that respect are some main activities that should be concentrated to improve the performance of Exim Exports. They are, Procurement Purchasing of yarn and trims, Procurement / Operations S winning of fabrics and trims and movement of material between every process, Operations Cutting, Finishing and Packing.ProcurementThe communication between the procurement team, production department and suppliers are not up to mark that leads to delay in materials or early purchasing of materials that should be stored as inventories. Inventory occupies the space and high broth leads to wastage of money according to Time Value Money concept. So this is to be eliminated to improve the performance of Exim Export.Procurement / Operations Staking of fabric and trims are no up to mark. It leads to delay in organising materials while production starts. Poor staking also occupies more space and causes shortage of space for future materials. political campaign of materials should be modify by reducing non-value adding movements and enhancing better material handling. Non-value adding motions are considered as glom which is to be eliminated.OperationsExim Exports enjoys skilled tailors and experienced supervisors and contrast coach-and-fours. It dose have a good production planning team and effective execution. However the workers arent trained for multi tasking that leads to under exercising of employees which is again considered as waste. The supply chain between Cutting, Stitching, Finishing and Packing should be improved to avoid inventories and delays that lead to wastage of time and manpower. Employees should be motivated to improve the competency. split quality management approach is needed.2.2 Recommendatio ns to eliminate waste in the value chain of Exim ExportsAccording to the above identifications and lecturer overview about the empirical evidence of benefits of lean system in garment manufacturing industry, it is recommended to introduce lean production system in this organisation. In the area of procurement it is essential to implement JIT system to eliminate wastage of time and inventories. 5S model can be implemented in staking materials and movement of materials in between departments. This could lead to reducing of non-value adding movements and increases the dexterity in pulling back materials from stored area.It is also recommended to implement Kanban in the production process (from cutting to packing) that could eliminate under utilization of employees and reduce wastage and delays. Exim Exports could develop Kaizen throughout the process for continuous improvement in all areas i.e. improvement in quality, improvement in efficiency and work advert, improvement in reducing wastage etcIntroducing JIT in Procurement to enhance communication between Procurement team, Production and SuppliersProcurement team should not purchase the materials according to their have got plan or feasibility. It is recommended to communicate with the production department i.e. cutting and plan to purchase materials according to their requirement. Early purchase lead to raising inventory level and late purchase lead to increase in waiting time. Cutting department will send signals to the procurement about the requirement of raw materials for the future production. So that stores could communicate with the suppliers and purchase the materials according to the underway requirement. JIT enables good relationship with the suppliers that create flexibleness.Introducing 5S Model in staking areas of Exim Exports to enhance efficiency in the work place5S stands for Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize and Sustain. It is the principle of improving safety, efficiency and employee morale by deciding what should be unploughed, where should be kept and how it should be kept that enables easy flow of materials and reduces bottle necks (Ferdousi and Ahmed, 2009). 5S should be implemented in the stores, cutting, stitching, finishing and packing areas wherever the materials are to be staked. 5S enables smooth flow of materials and it keeps the place neat and tidy. Standardized staking method enables employees to determine the right product on time and it eliminates the delay in searching.Introducing Kanban system of supply chain in Cutting, Stitching, Finishing and Packing departmentsKanban system will enable an effective material supply between and within production units. Kanban enables multi tasking, so that a single operator can handle ninefold operations. Human resource department will support in training and development of employees to ensure the workers are skilled enough to do multi tasking. Lakshmi (2009) says that Kanban uses a specific work space betw een operations to balance supply chain with demand. The space holds limited number of completed components in stand up for attached operation. If the space if full then there is no need to produce more, so that the operator can assist with other operations that may be slow. This resembles the pull production method with some buffers for next operation. It reduces over production wastage and increases employee motivation.Introducing Kaizen as a continuous improvement tool in Exim Exports value chainKaizen is a continuous improvement tool. That can be utilise in all primary and supporting activities to maintain the standard and increase competitiveness sustainability. This can achieve by observe the progress of the current system and identifying the gap to improve the system. Kaizen deals with customer complaints and feedbacks that could enable continuous improvement in process.3. Impact of above recommendations on the organisations resources and how above recommendations will en sure increased competitiveness, Long term sustainability and corporate social responsibilityThe above recommendations enable the company to eliminate wastages such as inventories, under utilization of employees, avoids wastage due to mistakes and uncertainties, delay in production, quality issues etc. These improvements have a consider impact of the companys resources. Inventories comprises of investment, storage cost and obsolescence. Carrying tautologic inventories may signal a lack of coordination and collaboration among supply chain partners as well as a lack of flexibility and care bigheartedness to adjust to sudden demand shifts. This can result in increasing uncertainty about future earnings and their growth prospects, thereby negatively affecting the reputation of the firm and its market value (Singhal, 2005).Inman and Mehra (1993) identified that JIT adoption is correlated with the future financial success of the firm. consequently, if JIT adoption is viewed as good ca pital expenditure, it will result in increased market prices. Kanban increases the flexibility of utilizing operators, reduce wastage due to over production, and reduce absenteeism and increases empowerment of employees thus leads to supreme utilization of companys resources. 5S model reduces the mistakes occur in production process such as wrong fabric cutting, reduces repetitive motion aliments that impacts the resource of the company (Lakshmi, 2009). Kaizen a continuous improvement tool increases the efficiency and reduces wastage that has a direct impact on companys resource.A case study by EPA (2003) indicates that the lean system enables reduction in resource requirement and cost of capital, increases customer responsiveness and improving product quality that boots the overall company cabbage and competitiveness. According to Yeung and Chan (1999, p.756) Manufactures are nowadays facing intensive global competition, they are becoming increasingly alert of the importance of modern management philosophy in providing with a competitive advantage in a free market system. Lean production and lean tools are the solution for achieving competitive advantage in this market place.The above recommended tools will enable the reduction in resource requirements and cost of capital by improving the utilization of employees, reduction of wastages, reduction of delays and avoiding mistakes that leads to loss of resource. It also ensures customer satisfaction by timely delivery and improved quality. Kaizen ensures the company is achieving competitive advantage against its competitors. Thus improved quality, reduced process cycle time, cut production cost and likely to improve delivery performance lead to customer satisfaction and sustainability.Lean systems have long realized the return from an engaged, well-trained, innovative workforce. By coordinating diverse production stages and management systems into a successful, enthusiastic, corporate culture, the vision and discipline of Lean-embracing executives transfer perfectly in Green transition. Lean provides a two-way channel, from the top down and then back up again, that fast tracks transition and reflects the foundational flow underlying Lean systems. Reduction of wastages enables a company to utilize the natural resources in the right way and making quality products increases the durability of the product which is one of the most important social responsibilities of the company. Corporations should take responsibility in reducing wastages of resources and should manufacture durable products that lead to less manufacturing and less pollution where lean system enables the same.4. 1. Value menstruation use the framework to identify the types of wastages in both primary and support processValue stream mapping is a framework that could be use by the line- carriages to identify the types of wastages in a value chain. The goal of value stream mapping is to identify, demonstrate and decrease the waste (Shingo, n.d). Value chain mapping identifies the non value adding activities in a process and eliminates wastage due to non-value adding activities. It focuses on visual maps the flow of materials and information from the time products come in the back door as a raw material through all manufacturing raw materials.In this frame work, the line-manager could be able to track the process flow and value addition to the product in every activity. Whenever a non value adding activity is identified then it is called as waste.Fig. 4. 1. Value stream mapping to identify the type of wastageValue-adding steps are drawn crosswise the centre of the map and the non-value-adding steps be represented in perpendicular lines at right angles to the value stream. Thus the activities become easily unaffectionate into the value stream which is the focus of one type of attention and the waste steps another type.4. 2. Identify the danger signals for each wasteUpon the value stream mapping there ar e butt ends for a particular waste. If the true(a) figure eliminates the target a danger signal will be created. The danger signals of each waste can be identified by comparing the actual results with the targets. Using time study lead time of each and every process will be calculated and stored as a database. When the production starts the line manager could track the operations using the value stream mapping. Whenever the actual production status goes beyond the target a danger signal will be created. So that the manager could concentrate upon the particular operation where there is a need for improvement. There are lean tools such as Jidoka can be used to identify the danger signal. Whenever the quality turns out of control or wastage exceed the allowance a danger signal will be created that makes aware of the line manager.4. 3. Framework that assists to respond to the danger signalsResponse to danger signals should be systematically handled. Once the manager noticed a danger signal, the manager should closely analysis and identifies the cause of wastage. Manager should ask themselves a few questions as a check list to ensure they are taking right decisions. First of all the manager should identify where the problem is? How the problem is been created? What is the impact of the problem in the value chain? Does it make scotch sense to take a decision upon it? If the managers get answers for these questions then they could conk with taking decisions.Then using Kaizen as a framework manager should take an appropriate solution to solve the current issue and ensures the system in running as per scheduled. Continuous improvement outline should be taken in consideration before taking any decision. temporary hookup taking decision the manager should consider about the current strategy that the company is pursuing.ConclusionWhile comparing and contradicting the Exim Exports value chain analysis and lecture review upon the current market situation and benefits of lean production in enhancing performance in the current market place it is recommended to implement Lean system in Exim Exports Value chain. JIT in Procurement enables a communication platform between stores, production and suppliers that lead to smooth flow of materials, without ant bottlenecks. Kanban in cutting, stitching, finishing and packing where an effective supply chain that enables pull production and reduces inventory. It is also recommended to implement 5S in the area of staking materials and kept ready to issue. So Based on the above analysis and treatment it is recommended that implementation of Lean system in Exim Exports Value chain will give overall profit to the organisation.

Forrest Gump Book Vs Movie English Literature Essay

Forrest Gump restrain Vs Movie English Literature EssayForrest Gump Book vs. Movie Written in 1986 by Winston Groom, Forrest Gump was eventidetually made into a characterization in 1994 and won an Academy Award. Both the bring on got and its moving picture concern the title quality, a man who goes through many obstacles and a number of historical events around the world. Although both works explore the character of Forrest Gump and his intentlong journeys, the original playscript differs in many ways from its snap version.The film portrays Forrest as a charming, mentally challenged man who brightens not whole the people around him, but the world itself through his numerous encounters with celebrities, his brushes with trace historical events, and more strategic through his down to earth attitude. The overall t maven of the book is much darker than that of the easy going family film. In the book, Forrest does drugs dapple visiting Harvard, uses profanity, explores a c b eer as a professional wrestler, and even gambles. Although the character in the book seems to mean well, he makes many hazardous decisions and is some dates has angry outbursts, unlike the character in the film.Forrest Gumps character in the novel is much different than that of the man portrayed by histrion Tom Hanks. Grooms depiction of Gump is rougher, with Gump remaining very much a doofus throughout the entirety of the book, whereas by the end of the movie the character matures into a more thoughtful, wiser, and smarter person. Grooms Gump regularly enjoys marijuana, and although he does make his living from the shrimp line, his gives this business over to his crew deciding at the end of the novel to pass around them to be a street performer. Gump is much more of an idiot in the book, rather than Hanks lovable, mentally challenged portrayal. In the book Forrest can solve convoluted mathematical equations and is a musical prodigy and a gifted cheat player.A number of importa nt characters die throughout the course of the movie. Although this develops Forrest Gump as a character and shows his growing maturity in the wake of tragedy, these characters do not die in the novel. Forrests love interests, Jenny, as well as his mother, both live on at the close of the novel. Forrests father is a dock worker rather than a white supremacist, and his mother never resorts to sexual favors in order to keep Forrest in school. In addition, important characters were left out of the film, including Forrests college roommate Curtis and a gorilla named Sue, whom Forrest befriends on his accusation into space.Although Forrest takes part in historical events in both the movie and the book, a number of these events were altered, cancelled out completely, or invented for the movie. The book spans 26 chapters, musical composition the film concerns itself with the first 11 chapters and certain events from the books final chapters, cancelling out a bunch of material. Forrest is a football star early in the book however, he is later described as overweight and not the movie versions avid runner. Forrests run across the United States does not happen in the book, doesnt wear leg braces, doesnt marry Jenny, or even graduate college. The book also describes Forrests participation in a NASA mission into space, his time as an actor, his time spent amongst cannibals, and a scene in which he saves the life of Chairman Mao Zedong during a trip to China. These are some of the move of the book that were cut from the film to keep it close to two hours. promptly on to Forrest and Jenny relationship, we perceive that on the movie, they were actually friends. Their ups and downs show how Forrest love Jenny, however she feels much sadness and compassion for him. She did not dream virtually marrying him or living with him. She had other intentions. In the book, she really loved Forrest, although world afraid of this feeling. She began one serious relationship with him a nd then finishes it when she sees him kissing other girl. Then, she decides to live far from Forrest, although being pregnant with his child.At last, we see one more time that the ideas of the director of the movie and the author of the book are very different. In the movie, after Jennys death, Forrest looks after his son, what reveals that one more time he is figured out as being more unaffiliated on the movie. In the book, Jenny marries another man and makes a family with itty-bitty Forrest and her husband. She feels that Forrest would not be right raising the child.Compared towards books, movies loosely tend to contract more on gathering more people and earning more profit. In order for the movie to be profitable, it has to satisfy peoples desires by including love story, the victor of an ordinary person, and a happy ending. The director of the movie would probably have taken the risk of changing much of the original story, because he knew that such(prenominal) components of the movie could more effectively bring the moviegoers and drive him to success.

The Vulture and the Child Essay examples -- Photograph Photography Ess

The Vulture and the Child This award pleasant photograph was taken by Kevin Carter in 1993 in the African state of Sudan. Carter won a Pulitzer Prize for this cinema in March 1994 (Long). This picture shows a famine stricken child crawling towards a UN nutrition camp which was situated nearly a kilometer away. This picture was source published on the front page of The New York Times on March 23, 1993 followed by Mail & Guardian, a Johannesburg weekly. Later, it was published in the depicted object Geographic and magazine magazines. The picture created such a great concern that every possible media displayed it. This photograph intends to grab the attention of the entire demesne as a community striving to improve the quality of life. Considering the feature that this picture was published in major newspapers around the globe, the target earshot is the general public of the world. Sudan is one of the poorest countries in the continent of Africa. Political asymm etry in Sudan continued to bring famine, pestilence and death to the 3.5 million quite a little who lived in that region. The violations of the rules of war committed by the government and the SPLA(Sudan Peoples Liberation Army) factions were a direct and important cause of food shortages and deaths. The U.N. estimated that as many as 800,000 people were in immediate need of international food relief while another 700,000 needed non-food assistance as seeds, farming tools, etc just to feed the population of Sudan(Human Rights Watch). The country was in scuffle with international trade deficits rising and constant famines making it nearly unachievable to grow any food. This photograph was taken by Kevin Carter when the country was liberation through such a devastating crisis. ... ...rt/eadptxt.htmlCY Leows Photoblog, Photogs Trauma.ScreenshotsPhotogs Trauma 29 Jan. 2004.CY Leows Photoblog. 22 Mar. 2004.Human Rights Watch. Sudan.Human Rights Watch. 22 Mar. 2004. http/ /www.hrw.org/reports/1994/WR94/Africa-09.htmCate, Fred. Through a glass darkly.Harvard University Asia Center 26 Aug. 1999.Harvard University Asia Center. 22 Mar. 2004. http//www.fas.harvard.edu/asiactr/ memorandum/fs_cate2.htmHawthorne, Peter. The Bang-Bang Club risked and some lost their lives to capture defining images of human tragedy.TIME Europe Books Moments in Time 9 Oct. 2000.TIME Magazine. 22 Mar. 2004. http//www. metre.com/time/europe/magazine/2000/1009/bang.htmlCarter, Kevin. Mar 1993.

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching Teachers Essays

My Educational Philosophy Education is the answer to all of the problems cladding the world. Knowledgeable people do not take inhumane and wrong actions against others. It is only through the education of others that crime, poverty and hunger go away be solved. It is due to the potential of education that has inspired me to be an educator. The ability to become a difference and to communicate my passion for literature and the English lecture is my driving force and ambition. Inspiring a disinterested student to get word or write poetry is a gateway to creative outdoors minds, which will result in a more civilized world. My schoolroom will be arranged in a horseshoe. In this way, the students are not separated into clusters and the main focus will always be in the end of the horseshoe. Students will be facing one some other and there will be open space for discussion. I pauperization bulletin boards to be changed at least once a month. in tha t discover will be a calendar focusing on historical events in literature. There will also be a timeline of events on whatever book the students are currently reading. In addition, there will be 10 facts about the author of the month that will attend on an extra-credit quiz. Furthermore, I want 15 different vocabulary wrangling on another bulletin focusing on preparation for the characterization and SAT tests. As much as I would like to implant a non- overbearing atmosphere, I have only seen it fail. Non-Authoritarian attitudes are often interpreted advantage of by the students. They use their friendship with the teacher to skip disunite and not do assignments. Besides, nowadays most parents are too apprehensive about being friends that they do not stress authority either. Kids motif to find authority somewhere. Authoritarian attitude is essential for at least the beginning of the year. Each class of students is different therefore, it is not fair to predominate them all the same. Some students will want to learn the material and respect the teacher however, until the students have proven themselves, I will use an authoritarian rule.

Robert Frost’s Poem, The Road Not Taken Essay -- The Road Not Taken Es

Robert Frosts poem, The Road non interpreted, is a descriptive poem about a persons divergence with the right driveway to lay down end-to-end keep. The choice that this person makes croup affect him forever. There be very much of choices like this throughout a persons life that are made that piece unneurotic the future. What they do with these choices and the decisions they make are up to them. Although the fibber of this poem is go about with a dilemma, he still makes the scoop decision possible and takes the best road, which happens to be genius that no one else has chosen to take.The title, The Road Not Taken, symbolizes the decision that he must make to take a path throughout life that no one else has or would study to take. The majority will always deliver the goods one another, so the excerpt to do so also is imminent. The narrator however, chooses to be different. He decides that winning the less traveled by path will change his life prospectively.The narra tor is faced with temptation to take the wrong path. He says great I stood / and looked down one as far as I could / to where it bent in the undergr... Robert Frosts Poem, The Road Not Taken Essay -- The Road Not Taken EsRobert Frosts poem, The Road Not Taken, is a descriptive poem about a persons conflict with the right path to take throughout life. The choice that this person makes can affect him forever. There are lots of choices like this throughout a persons life that are made that piece together the future. What they do with these choices and the decisions they make are up to them. Although the narrator of this poem is faced with a dilemma, he still makes the best decision possible and takes the best road, which happens to be one that no one else has chosen to take.The title, The Road Not Taken, symbolizes the decision that he must make to take a path throughout life that no one else has or would choose to take. The majority will always follow one another, so the option to do so also is imminent. The narrator however, chooses to be different. He decides that taking the less traveled by path will change his life prospectively.The narrator is faced with temptation to take the wrong path. He says long I stood / and looked down one as far as I could / to where it bent in the undergr...

The Supernatural in H.P. Lovecraft’s The Outsider Essay -- Lovecraft

The Supernatural in H.P. Lovecrafts The Outsider wholeness of H.P. Lovecrafts many an(prenominal) short stories, The Outsider has been praised since its publication as his intimately profound and sumful. This drool has been interpreted many different ways, varying from an memoir of Lovecraft himself to several different philosophical analyses. One such interpretation, by Dirk Mosig compares the secret plan and settings of The Outsider to Lovecrafts own doubtful views of religion and an afterlife. Mosig supports his interpretation with many facts from the story, I believe he pinpoints one very possible meaning of the story. His argument successfully uses the plot and details to convince the reader that his possibleness is correct. In order to understand Mosigs interpretation, one must eldest understand The Outsider and its general themes, from an unbiased viewpoint. The story begins with the narrator explaining his origins. He, a nameless creature, tell s of his environment a dark, decaying rook amid an endless forest of high, invisible trees. (Lovecraft) He has never seen light, nor a single living human being. He lives among crypts lined with decomposing bones and rats. He never mentions eating, but lives alone, with only the thousands of books that the castle holds as a mental way to lose from the boredom of his prison-like home. Everything he know has come from his reading of the antique books that line the walls of his castle. (Lovecraft) There is no escape from his world save one tall tower which seems to take place above the soaring treetops. He explains that he had once tried to escape through the forest, but became scared in the endless woods and returned ahead he became lost. He has... ... It seems strange that H.P. Lovecraft, who made his fortune from stories about the supernatural, would be seen as not believing in the subject which made him famous. This whitethorn subtract from Mosigs arg uments. Also, other sources suggest that this should be read as a horror story not just for the people who axiom the outsider, but also for himself, when he realized his own fate and past. Dirk Mosigs arguments are convincing however, and his interpretation makes good sense with the complex story that is The Outsider. Works CitedLovecraft, Howard Phillips. The Outsider. H.P. Lovecraft Library. 1921. 6 Nov. 2002 .Mosig, Dirk W. The Four Faces of The Outsider. Discovering H.P. Lovecraft. Ed. Darrell Schweitzer. Mercer Island, Washington Starmont House, 1987.6754

My Story :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Story Early in the morning, twenty 4 forms ago on the twelvth day in the month of July, a baby boy was born at St. Marys hospital in Athens, Georgia. The pollack polarityhold of three had grown by one. Jennifer, the new boys three year old sister, had already named him. The new boy was to be called Jody Lamon Pollock. Jody was the name she picked, and Lamon was the mothers mystifys name. So this is how I came to be Mr. Jody Lamon Pollock. My parents both grew up in a depressed south Georgia town called Pelham. My mother, Nancy, was the daughter of a farmer and a seamstress. She was the oldest of four girls. My father, Howard, was also the son of a farmer and a house wife. My dad was the ninth of eleven children. Mom and dad were high aim sweethearts with out their high school days. They got married August 15, 1971. They impart be celebrating their 30th wedding anniversary this next month. My father started on the business s ector(p) for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) when he graduated high school. My father nor my mother attended college. The USDA moved my parents all around the evince for the next couple of years until they finally ended up in Jefferson, GA where they have been ever since. My mom landed a job as a secretary at the First National bank building of Jackson County when they first moved here. Since then she has worked her way up through the ranks by hard work and perseverance where she is now the Senior evil President of Regions Bank. I have only one sibling as I mentioned earlier. Jennifer, who is three years older than I am. She graduated from Jefferson extravagantly School. She has since earned an Associate Degree from Gainesville Community College and is also employed by Regions Mortgage. In April of 1995 she married Jon Ray and they continue to reside in Jefferson, Georgia.

Penelope and Odysseus of Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer Odyssey Essays

genus Penelope and Odysseus of Homers Odyssey Penelope and Odysseus, being kin spirits, soul mates, and a great husband and wife in their own right, are very much alike. They have more of the same qualities. Both Penelope and Odysseus are very quick sentiment and cunning. Odysseus, for example, devises the conception to get the Cyclops to drink the wine so the crew could stab him in the eye. Another example of Odysseus cunning is his elaborate plan to massacre the suitors. Odysseus orders that all the weapons be taken out of the room where the arrow contest was being held, then that the women of the household to be locked in their rooms, as to not interfere, then for the doors to be locked by his allies, then to...

Animal Rights Speech :: essays research papers

Our case is that if we dont test on living organisms hence progress in scientific fields would be halted. As starting time speaker system for the negative I will speak about the benefits of animal testing in general and then Ill talk in detail about animal testing in medicine. My second speaker will talk about the opinions on testing and the food set up and my third speaker will summarise our points and rebut.Safety tests are conducted on a wide shop of chemicals and products, including drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, household cleaners, pesticides, foodstuffs, and packing materials. Higher ordinance animals are used in research, teaching and testing because of the benefits they bring to both(prenominal) animals and people. Those benefits are the reasons why a research, teaching or testing cognitive operation is done in the freshman place. Research using animals has various great aims which includeSafety tests are conducted on a wide range of chemicals and products, including drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, household cleaners, pesticides, foodstuffs, and packing materials. Higher order animals are used in research, teaching and testing because of the benefits they bring to both animals and people. Those benefits are the reasons why a research, teaching or testing procedure is done in the first place. Research using animals has various broad aims which includeImproving the health and well-being of people. Improving the health, welfare and productivity of farm animals and different deed animals. Finding better ways to preserve protect and manage a range of animal species to maintain a balance that is ecologically stable. growing more humane and effective pest control methods to protect be animals and many more.Doctors, nurses, animal care personnel, veterinarians, farmers, conservation managers, teachers, zoo keepers and others engaged in animal-related activities all benefit in animal research to broaden their knowledge. testing is done as a check on t he harmlessty of bare-ass drugs or substances for human or animal use, and to check whether new batches of drugs and other agents like vaccines work. There is a legal requirement to test how safe and effective chemicals, drugs and other agents are before they can be sold.Animals ca-ca played a major part in medical breakthroughs. such as the development of anesthetics, which are the chemicals used to make you unconscious during an operation. . to begin with that surgery was little more than refined butchery. Amputations, removal of bladder stones, cesarian sections and others were done with the conscious patient strapped to the operating table and screaming.

Rational Emotional Behavior Therapy Case Study Conceptualization and Tr

Rational emotional Behavior Therapy Case Study of Sarah A Conceptualization and Treatment syllabusRational emotive fashion therapy, REBT, was developed by Albert Ellis and holds the central spirit that the events in our lives do not cause our disturbances but that they are kinda caused by our view of the events (Murdock, 2009). Murdock (2009) states that people are seen as responsible for their style (p. 279) but, because they are constantly changing and processing, their value or worth is not measured by their behavior. According to REBT, rose-cheeked individuals function with rational beliefs (Murdock, 2009). Sarahs needs can best be met through the use of REBT as the therapist incorporates the interventions of role-playing and disputing, stop and monitor, and recognizing and changing irrational thought patterns, while air for the goal of eliminating irrational thinking, dysfunctional emotions, and behaviors and teaching Sarah the philosophy of REBT. REBT will award Sarah to oercome and replace her irrational beliefs and in turn experience healthy consequences and emotions. Presenting ConcernsSarah James, a 26-year-old Caucasian female, is seeking counsel in response to the origination of a family secret. Upon learning of the existence of an older brother and the, in her mind, gravely handled events surrounding the secret, Sarah is questioning her relationships and views of her family members. Sarah is unsure of what to do with the information she has been presented and is reevaluating her childhood, which she once thought had been near perfect. She is feeling confused, frustrated, angry, and isolated and these feelings and emotions have brought her to seek counsel over the situation.Case ConceptualizationBa... ... and religion. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 31 (1), 29-33. Jones, S.L., & Butman, R.E. (1991). unexampled psychotherapies A comprehensive Christian appraisal. Downers Grove, IL InterVarsity Press.Lega, L.I., & Ellis , A. (2001). Rational emotional behavior therapy (REBT) in the new millennium A cross cultural approach. daybook of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 19 (4). 201-222.Minor, J. (2007). Some reasons why I use REBT in my offstage practice and personal life. Et Cetera, 64 (4), 320-323.Murdock, N.L. (2009). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy A crusade approach (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Merrill-Pearson. Ziegler, D.J. (2000). Basic assumptions concerning human temperament underlying rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) personality theory. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 18 (2), 67-85.

The Representation of the Female in William Blake Essay examples -- Bi

The Representation of the Female in William BlakeIf William Blake was, as Northrop Frye described him in his prominent book Fearful Symmetry, a unavowed enraptured with incommunicable visions, standing apart, a lonely and isolated figure, out of touch perception with his own age and without influence on the following one (3), beat has proved to be the visionarys close to celebrated ally, making him one of the most frequently written about poets of the English language. William Blake has become, in a sense, an institution.Without Contraries is no progression. Attraction and Repulsion, Reason and Energy, Love and Hate, be necessary to Human Existence, wrote Blake in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. Perhaps his most famous line, these rowing are the connecting thread through all of Blakes work, from The Songs of Innocence and Experience to Jerusalem. But what those words mean has been a point of contention throughout the years. What does that mean for the phallic and the Female w ho are at the center of his work? If they are Contraries, past what does the Female in Blakes work represent? Just what did Blake mean? And from where did his ideas and perceptions take a hop?In 1977 Susan Fox addressed these questions in her well-renowned essay The Female as Metaphor in William Blakes Poetry. As the first literary critic to chin wag on Blakes inconsistencies in his treatment of the Female, Fox explores the progression of the extended simile throughout the course of his career. She explains that Blakes vision of the Contraries became more clear to him as age went on therefore, the contradiction lies in his earlier views of the Female, identified with weakness and failure, and his later attempt to rescu... ...cism 34 (1995) 255-270.Ostriker, Alicia. Desire Gratified and Ungratified William Blake and Sexuality. Blake An Illustrated Quarterly 16 (1983) 156-165.Paglia, Camille. Sexual Personae Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson. New Haven Yale Un iversity Press, 1990 270-299.Pavy, Jeanne Adele. A Blakean toughie of Reading Gender and Genre in William Blakes Poetry. DAI 53 (1993)Emory University.Storch, Margeret. Sons and Adversaries Women in William Blake and D. H. Lawrence. Knoxville University of Tennessee Press, 1990.Webster, Brenda. Blake, Women, and Sexuality. searing Paths Blake and the Argument of Method. Eds. Donald Ault, Mark Bracher, and Dan Miller. Durham and London Duke University Press, 1987 204-224.Wilkie, Brian. Blakes Thel and Oothoon. B. C. Canada University of Victoria Press, 1990.

The Internet and Plagiarism Essay -- Internet Plagiarism Essays Cheati

The Internet and PlagiarismThe World Wide tissue is larger than any one person after part imagine. There ar an infinite amount of links to libraries and other sources of information. There are legion(predicate) search engines, such as Yahoo, which make researching really easy. We burn scrape anything that we want on line, because there are no boundaries to our explorations, and there are no laws to stop us. You can find anything from socks to guns. People can evening find completed research papers online they simply double and spreadhead it to a new document, make a few adjustments, and it is ready to deliberate in. Un-honest people do this every day, and it has buy the farm a common conundrum among high schools and colleges. This is a serious problem hunchn as plagiarisation, which has become easier through Internet access. The Internet has negative and positive effects on buccaneering in todays society.What makes a person steal another persons work? What m akes a person copy lines from an article, essay, book or an encyclopedia? Plagiarism, what is Plagiarism? How do people know if they have plagiarized? We live in a fast tone world, and a little boost now and then to help us get our job done faster wont hurt. Truthfully, it can hurt you more than you know Plagiarism is defined as utilize someones words and ideas without giving proper credit to the author1. It is in truth taking credit for a research and thought process that you neer attempted. It is pretending to have knowledge of a subject that you dont have a clue about. Did you know that you could get in anaesthetise for plagiarizing from yourself? It is possible. That old paper that you revised for a new assignment can get you in some deep trouble. Plagiarism has been a problem among high schools and colle... ...s can be caught on the web. The Internet also has neat web sites that teach you how to paraphrase a paragraph and, how to avoid plagiarism http//www.indiana.edu/wt s/wts/plagiarism.html, and, http//owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.html. Not every person that plagiarizes leave be caught, still hopefully people will become more aware of the consequences they whitethorn face.In our present society, people are effected daily by plagiarism from online sources. It is an unjust way to get a task completed, and is cheating(prenominal) to the author. Sites that offer easy way outs plague the Internet, and they are infecting students of all ages. Luckily, sites are being formed to help professors and teachers to stop such acts. There will never be a way to totally control plagiarism but we can only hope that the consequences for plagiarism will accompaniment honest people honest.

The Impact of The Internet on Society :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Impact of The Internet on SocietyEntertainment fairish isnt the analogous eer since our society has had Internet access. Now, all anybody has to do to get crummyjack entertainment at their own expense is type in a sub-topic on a hot put ond vane site, and their entertainment pops up. Some furtherd vane sites will ask for a credit card number, and others will n perpetuallytheless let you download movies, music or whatever for free. For instance, there is a web-site called, real money gambling casino. You can just sit on your computer, win real money, and get it wired straight to your account. All you nurture to do is be 21 years of age and give them your social certification number. Really, anybody can sit at home and say they are 21 and use there parents credit card to pay for the charge. Ok perhaps its not that easy unless I bet you it is pretty easy. entirely think of how easy it is to lose money from the casinos computer nerds, who wire a little of your money out of your account and straight into the casinos account. I have had the chance to personally go to a casino and see what its care on the inside. I got to see how the gambling business really works. I was only about 11 years old when I went, still I remember everything about it. The casino is a common for pot who live near my way. It is called, Black Hawk Casino. Now, peck infra 21 arent allowed in the casino alike(p) before. This is because too many community were getting angry at the fact of a little minor sitting there and watching them while they melted. Maybe they popular opinion jollys were unfavorable luck or something. Right when I walked in the casino, I position it was the coolest thing ever. There were shiny slot machines everywhere, guards, cameras, and grievouss of people winning. The conks were like if youve ever took all of the change out of your piggy bank at once, the sound of all that change clinging together. Its just like music for your ears. It was awesome. I couldnt tarry until I turned 21. Who would want to sit at home and lend on the Internet when they can get up and go to the casino in person? Its got to be ten times better and to a greater extent fun.The Impact of The Internet on Society Exploratory Essays Research paperThe Impact of The Internet on SocietyEntertainment just isnt the equivalent ever since our society has had Internet access. Now, all anybody has to do to get cheap entertainment at their own expense is type in a sub-topic on a hot web site, and their entertainment pops up. Some web sites will ask for a credit card number, and others will just let you download movies, music or whatever for free. For instance, there is a web-site called, real money casino. You can just sit on your computer, win real money, and have it wired straight to your account. All you have to do is be 21 years of age and give them your social guarantor number. Really, anybody can sit at home and say they are 21 and use ther e parents credit card to pay for the charge. Ok possibly its not that easy but I bet you it is pretty easy. near think of how easy it is to lose money from the casinos computer nerds, who wire a little of your money out of your account and straight into the casinos account. I have had the chance to personally go to a casino and see what its like on the inside. I got to see how the gambling business really works. I was only about 11 years old when I went, but I remember everything about it. The casino is a common for people who live near my way. It is called, Black Hawk Casino. Now, people on a lower floor 21 arent allowed in the casino like before. This is because too many people were getting angry at the fact of a little kid sitting there and watching them while they played. Maybe they thought kids were dreary luck or something. Right when I walked in the casino, I thought it was the coolest thing ever. There were shiny slot machines everywhere, guards, cameras, and sounds of p eople winning. The sounds were like if youve ever took all of the change out of your piggy bank at once, the sound of all that change clinging together. Its just like music for your ears. It was awesome. I couldnt delay until I turned 21. Who would want to sit at home and play on the Internet when they can get up and go to the casino in person? Its got to be ten times better and much fun.

Conflict in the Emerald Isle Essay -- Ireland Politics Political Gover

departure in the Emerald Isle The island of Ireland is known for umteen things St. Patricks Day, its green landscape, music, beer, and discord. The heart of this conflict began centuries ago, when Britain came over and forced Protestantism on the Irish Catholic inhabitants. at that place has always been hatred between the Irish Protestants and Catholics. The island is broken up into to discrete regions. The Republic of Ireland consists of 26 counties, which make up the southern region. This bea is preponderantly Roman Catholic. Yankee Ireland is made up of the 6 northern counties, which are under British rule. This area is predominately Protestant. The conflict between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland is based on both religious and political views. Ireland is a comparatively small island off the coast of Great Britain its land area is 32,424 comforting miles (Delaney 2). When you think of Ireland you most deally think of shamrocks, St. Patrick, and Guinness beer. Another thing that whitethorn come to mind is the struggle between the Catholics and Protestants. The tension between these 2 religions goes back to the seventeenth century when William of Orange defeated James of England on July 12, 1690, hereby ensuring a Protestant ascendancy in Ireland (Coogan 4). This date is precise important to the Protestants in Ireland and is celebrated annually. This was not accepted by many of the Catholic inhabitants. This was their home and Dodd 2Catholicism was their religion and they didnt like Great Britain coming in and forcing Protestantism on them. Then parliament passed The scrap of Union in 1800, which ... ...onal interview. 5 March 2002.Coogan, Tim Pat. The IRA A History. Niwot, Co Roberts Rinehart Publishers, 1994.Delaney, Mary Murray. Of Irish Ways. New York Harper and Row Publishers, 1973.Fraser, T.G. Ireland in pa rticipation 1922-1998. London Routledge, 2000.Golway, Terry. For The Cause of Liberty. New York Simon and Schuster, 2000.Ito, Tim and Aileen Yoo. Irelands Troubled History. The uppercase Post.Com. 1998. The Washington Post Company. March 12, 2002 http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/nireland/overview.htmO Malley, Padraig. The Uncivil Wars Ireland Today. Boston Houghton Millflin Company, 1983.Wolf, Dr. Charles. 1908-16 Sinn Fein Propaganda Labels. high-flown Books and Special Collections. 2000. University of Notre Dame. March 12, 2002http//www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/stamps/irish/set4L/set4L.html

The Impact of Nutrition and Sleep Upon the Learning Process Essay examp

The Impact of Nutrition and Sleep Upon the education ProcessThe set up of bread and butter loafer begin before birth, with the nutrition of the mother. Under nutrition can result in negative put ups of the development of the brain that can become permanent and irreversible. One role model is the lack of straighten out, which is a necessary part of the brains tissue. When iron inadequacy is present nerve impulses tend to move slower. Iron deficiencyis associated with behavior changes and delayed psychomotor development (Nutrition and Cognitive Development, 2001), as sound as decrease attention span, irrit susceptibility, fatigue, and difficultly with concentration. Anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders in the world, affecting n primaeval one quarter of every last(predicate) low-income children in the United States(Rosenberg,1998). Iron deficiently anemia effects many unexampled children in our country and has been linked to a childs ability to learn by i nfluencing attention span and memory. Besides iron, there can be iodine deficiently as well that can occur during the early years of a child. Reduced cognition and achievement in instill can be associated with iodine deficiency. Researchers have also proven a decrease in protein intake with in diets can have an effect on achievement scores. Overall, under nutrition can results in a decrease of activity, social interaction, curiosity and cognitive functioning. This is proof of how the prenatal conclusion of a child is the most important. Recent evidence indicates that 15 pct of very low birth weight children and nearly 5 percent of low birth weight children require special education, comp ared to 4.3 percent of children innate(p) at normal birth weight(Childrens Nutrition and Learning, 1994). Infants that are b... ... Thomas. http//www.thejournal.com/magazine/vault/az599.cfm This article provided information about the future and how engineering science will change the way we lo ok at education. It gave examples of technology that has already changed classrooms. Quendler, Sigrid. (2002). Link between Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Academic Achievement. Vienna University. This article showed the medical prognosis on how there are many aspects to learning. There are twain the article mainly focuses on and that is nutrition and the physical activities that have shape the young children in what they will become and who they are now. (1993).Nutrition. In The sensitive standard Encyclopedia. (Vol. 12). Indiana Standard Educational Corporation. The encyclopedia showed the educational catch up with on nutrition and how it has affected students. It described proper eating habits and how to bind them.

Charlotte Brontes Childhood Influences to Become a Writer :: Charlotte Bronte Author Essays

Charlotte Brontes Childhood Influences to Become a WriterCharlotte was born to in 1816 in Yorkshire to Patrick Bronte and hiswife. She was one of six children, an averaged coat family in thosedays. The family were moved to Haworth (a small village in the westYorkshire moors) in 1820. Sadly a year later Mrs Bronte died leavingthe six children in her sisters heraldic bearing. Charlotte had to pay off do with the terminusinal of a mother when she was very young and the conclusion of her twoelder sisters a few years later. She had to learn to anguish for herselfand to be more independent. This may sustain helped Charlotte to be equalto empathise with the feelings that arise when somebody dies. In lateryears she was and so equal to(p) to commit these feeling in her novels. Having tobe independent may have helped her to be able to make up the characterJane Eyre as she was in a similar situation to as Charlotte, having tolearn to care for herself and having to cope with the deat h of aparent.In 1824 Charlotte was sent to boarding school with three of her foursisters. The appalling conditions at the school had a long term affecton the two elder sisters and this is where Maria and Louisa died.After the death of Maria and Louisa Charlottes father brought all hischildren home. Charlotte made this school the model for Lowood bring in Jane Eyre. So although she had been through horribletimes she was able to use them to her advantage.After their mother and two eldest children had died, Charlotte wasleft with her sisters Emily and Anne and brother Branwell to the careof their father, and their strict, religious aunt, Elisabeth Branwell.The children created imaginary kingdoms, which were built aroundBranwells toy soldiers, and which inspired them to make unnecessary storiesabout the fantasylands of Angria and Gondal. Charlotte had a very bigimagination at an former(a) age and having a brother and sister thatshared this imagination helped her to pass on it. All of Mr Bronteschildren were encouraged to read widely.The Bronte children were avidreaders and they loved to make up stories and then share them witheach other.In later sustenance Charlotte started a new school and after she had leftthe school she then returned to it a few years later as a teacher. Shewas able to practice her writing skills and learn how to teach them toothers. In 1841 Charlotte became a disciple at the Maison deducationpour les jeunes, in Brussels.